Hong Kong’s national security police have issued arrest warrants for 19 pro-democracy activists based overseas, accusing them of subversion under Beijing’s sweeping national security law enacted in 2020. The announcement marks the largest coordinated action against individuals abroad since the law was introduced.

Authorities claim the activists are involved in organizing or participating in the “Hong Kong Parliament,” an unofficial group they allege seeks to undermine national sovereignty and promote self-determination through illegal means. Police say the group aimed to draft a separate constitution for Hong Kong and overthrow the governments of both Hong Kong and mainland China.

Those targeted include businessman Elmer Yuen, political commentator Victor Ho, and activists Johnny Fok and Tony Choi. Four individuals had already been subject to prior warrants with bounties of HK$1 million (approximately $127,000). The 15 newly named now each face HK$200,000 bounties (roughly $25,500).

Police allege that some of those named launched an informal referendum or stood as candidates in the shadow legislature. All are accused of attempting to subvert state power.

The individuals could not be reached for comment. Police noted that the investigation is ongoing and that more arrests are possible.

The move comes amid mounting criticism over Hong Kong’s eroding civil liberties. Once promised a “high degree of autonomy” under the “one country, two systems” framework following the city’s 1997 handover from Britain to China, Hong Kong has seen widespread crackdowns on free speech and dissent in recent years.

Critics argue the national security law has been used to dismantle the city’s pro-democracy movement, which gained global attention during the 2019 protests. Beijing and Hong Kong officials maintain the law is essential for restoring order and protecting national security.

In a statement, police emphasized that national security crimes have extraterritorial reach and warned those named that surrender could result in reduced penalties.

“Offenders who voluntarily cease illegal activities, turn themselves in, and cooperate with authorities may be eligible for leniency,” the statement read.